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Mobility & Logistics

Content

  1. Overview and problem statement
  2. Our Benchmark for Tempelhof Lab
  3. What worked well, what can be improved?
  4. Findings and Recommendations
  5. Service Provider Contacts
  6. Further inspiration from the industry

The ‘Mobility & Logistics’ chapter of Labor Tempelhof 2022 can be found here.

1. Overview and problem statement

Did you know…?

Around 20% of CO₂ emissions in Germany in 2021 were attributable to mobility and logistics? 4

The proportion is even higher in the event industry. On average, 80% of CO₂ emissions for an open-air event are attributable to the attendees’ chosen means of transport to and from the venue: Biking is better than public transport, which is better than driving, which is better than flying. Higher vehicle occupancy lowers the emissions, which means carpooling and full-capacity buses should be encouraged for attendees who must travel by vehicle. 5

The challenge here is that the audience’s mobility can only be influenced to a limited extent by the organizers and bands and can therefore only be influenced indirectly. However, the situation is very different when it comes to event and tour logistics. Climate-friendly travel and logistics should be a priority for production and bands too. To reduce emissions and, ultimately, to set an example and remain credible.

Conclusion: The larger an event, the greater the leverage of mobility and logistics for CO₂ reduction.

Click for details.

2. Our Benchmark for Labor Tempelhof

In order to realise the Labor Tempelhof concerts in the most climate-positive way possible, we have made these aspects our goal:

MOBILITY

  • Eliminate air travel (especially for short distances) from band and crew logistics.
  • Crew travel by train (incentive Bahncard/Deutschlandticket), electric tour buses/cars/shuttles.
  • Optimise: efficient tour routing.
  • Sharing is caring: The more people per vehicle – whether car or (tour) bus – the fewer emissions per person are caused. This applies to bands, crew and audience alike.
  • Include a public transport ticket in the concert ticket.
  • Ideally: cooperation with Deutsche Bahn for long-distance trains via DB event ticket.
  • Communicate climate-friendly travel options (bicycle, public transport, long-distance trains) to the audience (e.g. via ticket mailing, organiser/bands’ websites or social media and event apps, if available).
  • Offer free and, if possible, supervised bicycle parking.

LOGISTICS

  • Tour logistics: efficient routing and trucks that are powered as sustainably as possible.
  • Raise awareness among artists and production for the effective and efficient use of materials. (Do materials contain harmful substances? Are they recyclable? What setup is really needed for the event? etc.)
  • To what extent can existing local structures be used to save on transport?
  • Use electric vehicles and machines (forklifts, wheel loaders, etc.) and cargo bikes on site.
  • Pay attention to regionality when procuring goods in order to keep transport distances short.

3. What worked well, what can be improved?

Mobility

What worked well?

  • Communication about sustainable travel in advance (e.g. promotion of carpooling, information on free/convenient bicycle parking, etc.)
  • A ticket for public transport was included in the concert ticket and communicated to visitors.
  • Digital survey on the audience’s travel behaviour in order to optimise the mobility concept.
  • Expansion of the free bicycle car park at the concert venue: more convenient design, better signposting, provision of bicycle pumps.
  • Designated public car parking spaces exclusively for people with disabilities, planned as close as possible to the entrances for short distances.
  • Very limited number of backstage parking spaces, provision only in exceptional cases (e.g. for extensive rigging specialist equipment).
  • Complete avoidance of air travel for artists & crew.
  • Only e-shuttles for artists & tour crew.
  • Rail travel for artists & tour crew.
  • Designated public car parking spaces exclusively for people with disabilities, planned as close as possible to the entrances for short distances.
  • Very limited number of backstage parking spaces, provision only in exception for bands & tour crew.
  • Rail travel for bands & tour crew.
  • Recommendation of sustainably certified hotels in audience communication & accommodation of crew and suppliers in sustainably certified hotels
  • Designated parking spaces for micromobility (e-scooters, shared bikes, etc.)
  • Offsetting of unavoidable travel emissions from the audience and production via compensation by the climate protection organisation atmosfair.

What can be improved?

  • Cooperation with a platform (or app) to enable carpooling or shared bus travel for visitors
  • Cooperation with Flix or Deutsche Bahn has failed so far 
  • Cooperation with providers of inner-city e-mobility

Logistics

What worked well?

  • Use of electric forklifts on-site (with the exception of one forklift for work outside the venue premises).
  • Use of cargo bikes and hired bikes for on-site logistics.
  • Highest efficiency class for all trucks: Euro6 emission class.
  • Safety-relevant technology outside the range of the fixed power connections (e.g. lighting and sound masts) was powered by HVO or rechargeable batteries. The batteries were charged with renewable energy from the fixed power grid. Lighting masts were delivered including the required quantity of HVO in order to avoid residual quantities.

What can be improved?

  • Future expansion to include e-trucks 6 and e-nightliners.
  • Cooperation with companies to test the use of HVO in diesel-powered forklifts and to check material compatibility (e.g. contact with engine seals)

4. Findings and Recommendations

  • Mobility is the biggest direct lever for saving CO₂, particularly when it comes to public travel and tour logistics. However, this can only be influenced indirectly in some cases.

 

  • 64.8% of the audience travelled by train, public transport, on foot or by bike. At conventional events, this proportion is around 40%. 7 This saved around 1,012 tonnes of CO₂ emissions.
    • Integrate a public transport ticket into the event ticket as an incentive.
    • When selecting the event location, ensure good transport connections (S-Bahn, U-Bahn, train station, bus stop).
    • Communicate information about the included public transport ticket to buyers via ticket providers and event organisers

 

  • 32.9% of the audience travelled to the event by car. 49.2% of total mobility emissions are attributable to car journeys. The vehicle occupancy rate of 2.79 people per journey is positive – almost three people shared a vehicle on average.
    • Plan car parks exclusively for people with disabilities near the entrance
    • Promote carpooling, possibly via cooperation with platforms (or app) for carpooling or shared bus travel

 

  • 2.3% of the audience chose to travel by plane. 25.6 % of total mobility emissions are attributable to air travel.
    • The integration of long-distance transport is necessary, for example through attractive event tickets. Providers need to become more involved here and, for example, make their event ticket offers available to the cultural and event sector (in addition to the existing ‘business’ offers for conferences, congresses, etc.).
    • Include sustainable travel as a focus of public communication in order to reduce the proportion of air travel (especially short-haul).

 

  • Offering a free bicycle car park with around 4,000 spaces has paid off; it was well utilised in good weather.
    • Plan capacities for bicycle parking spaces generously depending on the season and weather.
    • Advertise parking facilities well in advance, for example on the websites of event organisers, bands, etc.
    • Provide useful bike accessories free of charge, e.g. air pumps etc.

 

  • Communication on sustainable travel plays a central role. Communicating the right messages at the right time on the right channels supports the success of the sustainable mobility concept.
    • The mobility survey showed that we reached around 75% of the audience with our communication, but the effect on the actual behaviour of the target group was significantly lower than expected.
    • One possible reason for this could be the discrepancy between the timing of the communication and the decision to travel. A long-term communication campaign can counteract this.
    • Utilise all available opportunities to address ticket buyers on their journey.
    • Artists can create awareness through announcements.

 

  • Gain knowledge of the data on the audience’s travel behaviour in order to be able to analyse and create more suitable offers for sustainable travel:
    • Survey the audience’s mobility behaviour on site (e.g. at the entrance via QR code).
    • Enter into partnerships with existing platforms such as car-sharing agencies, create a dedicated app for car-sharing or shared bus travel… it is important to communicate these measures at an early stage.

 

  • The 49-euro ticket (Deutschlandticket) offered during the concert period helped to ensure that crew and staff could still travel cheaply by public transport.
    • If there are no favourable ticket offers available: talk to public transport providers at an early stage.
    • Include the cost of employee tickets in the budget if necessary.

 

  • Consider special requirements of e-vehicles in production
    • Brief and train the relevant employees in production on e-vehicles and charging options on site.
    • Plan the use and charging times of e-vehicles as precisely as possible.

 

  • There are currently not enough climate-neutral trucks (electric, fuel cell) or cranes on the market, especially in the heavy-duty sector.
    • When selecting suppliers for the infrastructure of the event, ensure short delivery routes, e.g. by selecting regional service providers.
    • Secure trucks with the highest emission class (currently Euro VI) at an early stage.
    • Request and obtain certificates and information on the fuels used (HVO, bio-diesel, hydrogen).
    • Idea: Enter into discussions with truck/bus manufacturers at an early stage to see whether they will provide available electrically powered logistics vehicles as part of a joint pilot project.

 

  • No fly policy is effective and easy to implement at concerts in Germany
    • Communicate the policy to the crew and band/artists at an early stage and justify the choice of rail as a means of transport

5. Service Provider Contacts

Disclosure on completeness

6. Further inspiration from the industry

Other event organisers, bands, tour and sustainability agencies are also addressing the issue and trying to not only change their own travel behaviour, but also indirectly have a positive impact on their audiences:

Massive Attack has been working to decarbonise the live music industry with its ACT 1.5 project since 2019. The aim is to reduce CO₂ emissions from concerts and tours to a level that is compatible with the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement. In collaboration with the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, they have developed a two-stage model. Phase 1 involved organising an outdoor concert in Bristol, which is considered one of the lowest-carbon concerts of its size. Phase 2 focuses on the city of Liverpool, which was recognised by the United Nations as the first ‘Accelerator City’ for implementing innovative measures to reduce emissions in music and film production. 9

As part of their ‘Music Of The Spheres’ world tour, Coldplay have developed an app together with SAP and made it available to fans: The app combines interactive, immersive experiences with information. This allowed the audience to choose between different travel options and see how much CO₂ is generated by which form of arrival and departure. To encourage their fans to travel in a more environmentally friendly way, Coldplay combined this with the incentive of merchandise discounts. At the same time, interactive games focussing on sustainability could be played in the app to learn more about Coldplay’s sustainability efforts. 10

Ticket to Ride is a project developed by Crowd Impact and The Changency as part of the AnnenMayKantereit Summer Tour 2023 to encourage audiences to travel more sustainably. A total of 10 concerts with around 215,000 visitors were the focus of this communication and action campaign, which aimed to encourage fans to travel as climate-friendly as possible. The Crowd Impact survey app was used to record the mobility behaviour of the concert audience and collect valuable data for publication as part of the study. The results were discussed in spring 2024 at a round table with decision-makers from the music and event industry, transport, politics and science in order to develop further steps towards sustainable mobility in the event industry. 11

What might also interest you

Energy

Waste Management & Nutrient Circularity

Waste Management &
Nutrient Circularity

Event Technology & Production Materials

Event Technology &
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Labor Tempelhof is a project of Cradle to Cradle NGO, KKT GmbH – Kikis Kleiner Tourneeservice, Loft Concerts GmbH, Side by Side Eventsupport GmbH

side by side eventsupport gmbh

Supported on the basis of a decision by the German Bundestag by

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C2C-Qualität

Das bedeutet, dass die Textilien kreislauffähig und materialgesund sind. Das Textil ist recycelbar und die beim Waschvorgang ausgewaschene Fasern unschädlich für die Umwelt. Neben dem Gewebe sind auch auch Farbstoffe, Druckfarbe und bei der Produktion verwendete Prozesschemikalien auf Materialgesundheit optimiert. Bei der Herstellung werden soziale Standards eingehalten und erneuerbare Energie verwendet.

Textilmaterialien

Ein Großteil aller heute hergestellten und verkauften Kleidungsstücke besteht aus synthetischen Fasern. Alleine Polyester hat einen Marktanteil von rund 50 %. Und auch Textilien aus Naturfasern, also Fasern aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen, sind in der Regel mit umweltschädlichen Farben gefärbt oder bedruckt. Bei der Herstellung werden zudem chemische Stoffe eingesetzt, zum Beispiel zur Fixierung der Farben, die nicht nur die Umwelt, sondern auch die Gesundheit der Menschen gefährden, die in der Herstellung arbeiten. Ob ein Kleidungsstück also wirklich nachhaltig ist, hängt nicht alleine vom Gewebe ab, sondern auch von allen anderen verwendeten Materialien. Denn bei jedem Waschgang verliert das Kleidungsstück automatisch tausende Mikrofasern, die dann in den Gewässern landen. Und genau dafür müssen diese Fasern dann auch geeignet sein. Das bedeutet: Egal, ob das Gewebe synthetisch hergestellt oder aus Naturfasern ist – es dürfen bei der Textilproduktion ausschließlich Materialien eingesetzt werden, die dafür geeignet sind, dass wir Menschen bei der Herstellung und beim Tragen mit ihnen in Berührung kommen und die biologisch abbaubar sind, wenn sie als ausgewaschene Faser in der Umwelt landen. Nach diesem Prinzip sind C2C-Textilien designt.

Phosphorgewinnung

Ab 2029 sind Kläranlagen – je nach Größe der versorgten Gemeinde – dazu verpflichtet, Phosphor aus Abwasser, Klärschlamm oder Klärschlammasche zurückzugewinnen.

C2C Zertifizierung

Die Zertifizierung nach den Kriterien von Cradle to Cradle wird vom Products Innovation Institute (PII) mit Sitz in San Francisco und Amsterdam durchgeführt. Die Organisation zertifiziert Produkte anhand von fünf Kriterien, in denen jeweils vier unterschiedliche Levels erreicht werden können. Das PII und Cradle to Cradle NGO sind voneinader unabhängige Organisationen.

Saving Water

To make this amount tangible: A person needs an average of 2 litres of drinking water per day – with 259 million litres of water you could supply the entire population of Germany with drinking water for 1.5 days.

NPK-Dünger

Liquid fertilizer containing the nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphate (P) and potassium (K).

FLINTA*

FLINTA* steht für: Frauen, Lesben, intergeschlechtliche, nichtbinäre, trans und agender Personen. Der * bezieht als Platzhalter alle nicht-binären Geschlechtsidentitäten ein.

Schwarz- und Grauwasser

Schwarz- und Grauwasser sind unterschiedliche Kategorien von Schmutzwasser. Unter Schwarzwasser versteht man fäkalienbelastetes Wasser. Grauwasser ist gering verschmutztes, fäkalienfreies Wasser, wie Regenwasser oder das Abwasser aus Handwaschbecken.

Canceln

Als Canceln (Cancel Culture) bezeichnet man das Ausschließen von Personen oder Organisationen, denen unter anderem beleidigende, diskriminierende oder rassistische Aussagen oder Taten vorgeworfen werden. Der Begriff wird auch von Personen verwendet, denen dieses Verhalten vorgeworfen wird. Der Begriff und die dahinter stehenden Handlungen werden öffentlich stark diskutiert.

Sir David Attenborough

Sir David Attenborough ist ein britischer Naturforscher, Schriftsteller und Tierfilmer, der vor allem für seine vielfach preisgekrönten Naturdokumentationen bekannt ist.

Leichte Sprache

Leichte Sprache ist eine einfachere und weniger komplexe Form der Alltagssprache. Die richtet sich an Menschen, denen es schwer fällt, einen Text in Alltagssprache zu lesen oder zu verstehen. In Texten in leichter Sprache kommen beispielsweise keine Fremdwörter oder Abkürzungen vor. Das Regelwerk wird vom Netzwerk Leichte Sprache herausgegeben.

Initiative Barrierefrei Feiern
(IBF)

Nationwide collective of people with disabilities and their allies who campaign for barrier-free cultural events.

Inklusion

Unter Inklusion versteht man die Akzeptanz, Einbindung und gleichberechtigte Teilhabe aller Menschen an einer Gesellschaft.

Awareness

Awareness means being aware of problems and conflicts. Awareness concepts are used to create spaces in which everyone can feel comfortable because no assaults or discriminatory behaviour are tolerated in these spaces. The definition of what is offensive or discriminatory behaviour for a person or group is not called into question. The definition of what is assaultive or discriminatory for a person or a group is not questioned.

Conventional products

Conventional or linear products are products whose design and production do not take into account the circularity of the raw materials used. In supply chains and after use, linear management generates waste and other negative environmental impacts. With circular products and especially with products designed and produced according to Cradle to Cradle, this recycling of resources after the first use is taken into account. This means that at least less waste and negative environmental impacts are produced. If C2C is implemented consistently throughout the entire supply chain, positive environmental impacts can ideally be achieved, for example by using osmosis filters to purify water used in production before it is returned to nature.

invisible waste

Waste and the associated negative environmental impact do not only arise at the end of a product’s life when it is disposed of. They occur along the entire supply chain, starting with the extraction and processing of raw materials. Today, ecosystems are overburdened or destroyed for the extraction of many raw materials (for example, the deforestation of rainforests to build mines or the leaching of soil through monocultures in agriculture).
During transport (additional transport packaging, emissions, microplastics from tire abrasion from trucks/cars, etc.), during use (microplastics from the washing out of plastic fibers in textiles, water pollution from the use of cleaning agents containing chlorine, etc.) through to disposal, further waste streams or environmental and health damage occur.
Only when a material can be attributed a value again by making it usable again through recycling or direct recirculation does its status as waste end in purely legal terms.

resource-positive

This means that the cultivation of a plant has an overall positive impact. A plant from regenerative agriculture has been grown in such a way that the cultivation increases the nutrient content in the soil, the biodiversity in the cultivation area or the quality of the water in the region. The cultivation of the plant therefore has a positive impact on all the resources that are needed in the cultivation process.

Reale Preise

Reale Preise entstehen dann, wenn die bei der Produktion oder beim Konsum eines Produkts entstehenden sogenannten externen Effekte in den Preis eingerechnet werden. In der Regel handelt es sich dabei um negative externe Effekte. Das sind beispielsweise Umweltschäden oder gesundheitliche Schäden, die durch die Produktion oder den Konsum eines bestimmten Produkts entstehen, für die der Verursacher jedoch nicht haftet oder “zahlt”, sondern in der Regel die Allgemeinheit. In diesem konkreten Beispiel ist gemeint: Den Ressourcenverbrauch und die CO₂-Bilanz, die bei der Produktion einer bestimmten Menge Fleisch anfallen messen, beziffern und auf den Verkaufspreis anrechnen. Gesundheits- und umweltschädliche Produkte sind unter dieser Betrachtung in der Regel deutlich teurer als  nachhaltige oder C2C-Produkte.

Weichmacher

Weichmacher werden unter anderem Kunststoffen, Lacken, Klebestoffen oder bei der Textilveredelung zugesetzt, um spröde Materialien weich und geschmeidig zu machen. Viele als Weichmacher eingesetzten Stoffe gelten mit Blick auf ihre Wirkung für die Umwelt und die Gesundheit als bedenklich. In Verpackungen können neben Weichmachern auch andere Schadstoffe enthalten sein, die bis zu bestimmten Grenzwerten eingesetzt werden dürfen und die Kreislauffähigkeit des Materials verhindern.

Regenerative agriculture

Regenerative agriculture is an agricultural approach that focuses on the health of soils and plants. The aim is to build healthy, fertile soil through agricultural cultivation, thereby increasing harvests and at the same time creating positive effects on carbon and water cycles as well as biodiversity. The approach contrasts with conventional agriculture, which reduces biodiversity and damages soils in the long term through the use of pesticides, heavy agricultural machinery and monocultures, among other things. Regenerative agriculture can complement organic farming, which avoids the use of harmful substances but is often associated with lower harvests than conventional agriculture.

Laststrom-Management

Laststrom-Management wird in intelligenten Stromnetzen betrieben, indem die Auslastung der vorhandenen Infrastruktur verbessert und Energie damit effizienter genutzt wird.

Peak Shaving

Mit Peak Shaving (übersetzt: Lastspitzenkappung) kann die aus Energienetzen gewonnene Leistung verstetigt werden. Zeiträume, in denen besonders viel Leistung zur Verfügung steht (Leistungsspitzen – Peaks) werden gekappt.

Grüner Wasserstoff

Bei grünem Wasserstoff als Kraftstoff wird für die Elektrolyse zur Gewinnung von Wasserstoff erneuerbare statt konventioneller Energie eingesetzt. Er lässt sich vor allem in Regionen sinnvoll erzeugen, in denen genügend erneuerbare Energieträger in Form von Sonne oder Wind zur Verfügung stehen, um die Wasser-Elektrolyse zu betreiben.

Battery Regulation

One of the aims of this regulation is to make a battery passport mandatory in order to incentivise recyclable battery design and the recycling of battery components.

Diese Kontakte sind lediglich eine Auswahl, ohne Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. Die Auswahl leitet sich davon ab, mit welchen Unternehmen und Organisationen im Rahmen des Projekts Labor Tempelhof zusammengearbeitet wurde oder Kontakt bestand.

Euro standard

The Euro standard is an emissions standard that sets limits for the emission of air pollutants. The values are defined by the EU in Europe. Compliance is measured and checked during the type approval of new vehicles in the laboratory and, in the case of trucks and buses, also in real operation. Since January 2021, Euro 6d has been the strictest standard for passenger cars and Euro VI for trucks (over 3.5 tons). While the emissions standard sets limits for carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate mass and number, it says nothing about the CO₂ emissions of a vehicle. These are defined for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles in a separate EU regulation.

to be considered positive

For comparison: the statistical average for leisure journeys is 1.9 people per vehicle. A high vehicle occupancy rate helps to relieve traffic congestion and reduce CO₂ emissions.

Travel survey

The on-site survey was conducted using the Crowd Impact app in order to achieve the most representative results possible. A total of 4,431 people were interviewed, which is an excellent rate in relation to the number of visitors. The interviews took place at the North and South entrances as well as freely on the grounds, for example at sales stands or in queues. By conducting the interviews on all three days of the event, influences such as weather, time of day and demographic differences were minimized. The results were weighted in such a way that both the visitor flows at the entrances and the surveys on the grounds were included in the evaluation and a comprehensive picture was created.

Hydrierte Pflanzenöle (HVO)

Hydrierte Pflanzenöle (HVO) sind chemisch in Kohlenwasserstoffe umgewandelte Öle, die so als Kraftstoff eingesetzt werden können. Sie werden als Beimischung oder Ersatz für Diesel-Kraftstoff verwendet und stoßen bis zu 90 % weniger CO₂ aus als Diesel. Als Rohstoff für HVO können Ölpflanzen, Reststoffe der Agrarindustrie aber auch Altspeiseöle verwendet werden. Werden Reststoffe oder Abfallstoffe eingesetzt, steht die Produktion nicht in Konkurrenz zur Nahrungsmittelproduktion und verursacht in der Produktion geringere CO₂-Emissionen. Wird HVO aus Palmöl hergestellt, verschlechtert sich die Treibhausgasbilanz erheblich, weil für den Anbau von Ölpalmen Regenwälder gerodet werden. Bei der Beschaffung sollte also ein Anbieter gewählt werden, der den Ausschluss von primärem Palmöl als Rohstoff garantiert.

atmosfair

Offsetting CO₂ emissions is not a sufficient strategy for achieving the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement and certainly not for achieving climate-positive action. The provider atmosfair points this out on its website and thus encourages active action. Most of the climate protection projects supported by atmosfair are double-certified: Under the standard of the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) and under Gold Standard (standard developed by an association of NGOS such as the WWF, which is considered the most demanding standard for voluntary emissions trading). atmosfair is transparent in its use of funds and, according to its own information, only supports projects that take other important aspects of environmental protection into account in addition to the CO₂ aspect.

Labor Tempelhof

The Labor Tempelhof concerts took place in 2022 and 2024 under certain conditions: Tempelhof Airport as an open-air location in the centre of Berlin, up to 60,000 visitors per concert and full support from the bands involved. Solutions that were possible and useful in this scenario may not be useful or possible in other circumstances. Conversely, some good C2C ideas were not scalable for this scale, but work under other conditions. Therefore, the objectives described in this guidebook and the measures derived from them are not a universally valid checklist, but rather show possibilities and the right questions for an event that is as climate- and resource-positive as possible.

Genuine green electricity

Genuine green electricity means that the provider invests part of the income from the sale of green electricity in the construction of new plants to generate electricity from renewable sources. In this way, the provider contributes to improving the electricity mix in the long term and steadily increasing the proportion of renewable energy. Such providers can be recognised by labels such as ‘ok-power’ or ‘green electricity’.

circular

At Labor Tempelhof, an attempt was made to design as many aspects of the concerts as possible in such a way that resources are recycled or incentives are provided for this. Ideally, this meant using a C2C product or C2C process with a positive impact on people and the environment. Where this was not possible, an alternative was sought that is sustainable in the traditional sense, i.e. at least causes less damage than a conventional solution.

Cradle to Cradle

Cradle to Cradle (C2C) ist ein Ansatz für eine Kreislaufwirtschaft, die etwas weiter geht. Anstatt weniger Müll zu erzeugen, weniger Ressourcen zu verbrauchen, weniger Umweltschäden zu verursachen oder nur Klimaneutralität anzustreben, sollen Produkte und Prozesse so gestaltet werden, dass dadurch ein Mehrwert entsteht. Also ein positiver Einfluss auf das Klima durch einen neuen Umgang mit Ressourcen. Denn wenn wir nur weniger Schäden durch unser Handeln anrichten, zögern wir die Probleme, die wir dadurch verursachen nur zeitlich hinaus, lösen sie aber nicht.

Wir können Klima- und Ressourcenprobleme nur durch positive Ziele dauerhaft lösen. Indem wir unser Handeln konsequent in biologische Kreisläufe integrieren und technische Kreisläufe schaffen, erreichen wir einen wirklichen Mehrwert: ökologisch, ökonomisch und sozial. C2C-Produkte bestehen aus Materialien, die gesund für Mensch und Umwelt sind und in biologischen und technischen Kreisläufen zirkulieren können. Wird ein Material in einem Produkt automatisch verbraucht (zum Beispiel der Abrieb eines Reifens beim Fahren oder Fasern eines T-Shirt, die in der Waschmaschine ausgewaschen werden), dann muss dieses Material auch dafür geeignet sein, in der Umwelt zu landen. Es muss also komplett biologisch abbaubar sein.

Produkte, bei denen das nicht der Fall ist müssen so designt sein, dass all ihre Bestandteile sortenrein getrennt und damit immer wieder verwendet werden können. Entweder direkt, nach einer Aufarbeitung oder durch Recycling, bei dem die Qualität des Materials erhalten wird. Bei der Produktion solcher C2C-Produkte nutzen wir ausschließlich regenerative Energie, erhalten oder verbessern die Qualität von Wasser und Boden und haben faire und menschenwürdige Arbeitsbedingungen.
Geschäftsmodelle wie Produkt-Service-Modelle, Nutznießung oder Leasing tragen dazu bei, Materialien und Produkte im Kreislauf zu halten.

>> Mehr Infos

Kreislaufwirtschaft

Der Begriff „Kreislaufwirtschaft“ umfasst, abgeleitet vom Aktionsplan Circular Economy der EU Kommission, „alle Phasen der Wertschöpfung – von der Produktgestaltung und Produktion bis hin zu Verbrauch, Reparatur, Abfallbewirtschaftung und sekundären Rohstoffen, die in die Wirtschaft zurückgeführt werden.“
Die Transformation unserer heutigen linearen Wirtschaft, (Ressourcen werden der Erde entnommen, genutzt und werden dann überwiegend zu wertlosem Müll) hin zu einer Kreislaufwirtschaft ist ein übergeordnetes politisches Ziel in der EU und in sämtlichen Mitgliedsstaaten – auch in Deutschland. Die Bundesregierung hat 2023/24 die sogenannte Nationale Kreislaufwirtschaftsstrategie erarbeitet, durch die unter anderem der Bedarf an neu entnommenen Rohstoffen gesenkt werden soll. Eine zirkuläre Wirtschaft und die Ressourcenschonung sollen so einen Beitrag zu Klimaneutralität und Dekarbonisierung leisten.

H.I.T. fertilizer

Humus fertilizer from the contents of dry toilets.

NPK-Dünger

Liquid fertilizer containing the nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphate (P) and potassium (K).

900 tons of CO₂ emissions

This is equivalent to either 900 flights from Frankfurt to New York or 297,000 kilometers of driving in a petrol car.

CO2-Streamer

Device in which CO₂ is ejected into the air, creating a white mist.

C2C quality

C2C textiles are fully recyclable and material healthy. The fabric itself is recyclable and the fibers washed out during the laundering process are harmless to the environment. In addition to the fabric, dyes, ink and process chemicals used in production are also optimized for material health. Social standards are met during production and renewable energy is used.

Textiles in Cradle to Cradle quality

C2C textiles are fully recyclable and material healthy. The fabric itself is recyclable and the fibers washed out during the laundering process are harmless to the environment. In addition to the fabric, dyes, ink and process chemicals used in production are also optimized for material health. Social standards are met during production and renewable energy is used.

Textile materials

A large proportion of all clothing manufactured and sold today is made of synthetic fibers. Polyester alone has a market share of around 50%. Textiles made from natural fibers, i.e. fibers from renewable raw materials, are usually dyed or printed with environmentally harmful dyes. In addition, chemical substances are used in the production process, for example to fix the dyes. These chemicals do not only endanger the environment but also the health of the people who work in the production process and who wear the garments. Thus, whether a garment is truly sustainable depends not only on the fabric, but also on all the other materials used. Because with every laundry cycle, the garment automatically loses thousands of microfibers, which then end up in the waterways. And that’s exactly what these fibers have to be designed for. In other words, regardless of whether the fabric is made synthetically or from natural fibers, only materials that are appropriate for us humans to come into contact with during production and wear and that are biodegradable when they end up in the environment as washed-out fibers should be used in textile production. C2C textiles are designed according to this principle.

recover phosphorus

Starting in 2029, wastewater treatment plants in Germany – depending on the size of the community served – will be required to recover phosphorus from wastewater, sewage sludge, or sewage sludge ash.

C2C certification

Certification according to the Cradle to Cradle criteria is carried out by the Products Innovation Institute (PII), which is based in San Francisco and Amsterdam. The organization certifies products based on five criteria, in each of which four different levels can be achieved. The PII and Cradle to Cradle NGO are independent organizations.

Osmosis filter

In the osmosis filter system, gray water is first purified on a biological basis, then pressed through a bio-membrane filter, which almost completely eliminates solids, viruses and bacteria from the water. The final step is ultrafiltration, which ensures almost 100% sterility.

>> Further information on the osmosis filter

Black water and gray water

Black water and gray water are different categories of wastewater. Black water is water contaminated with fecal matter. Gray water is water that is slightly polluted and free of fecal matter, such as rainwater or wastewater from hand-washing sinks.

Euro standard

As the European exhaust emission standard, the Euro standard sets limits for the emission of air pollutants. They are defined in Europe by the EU. Compliance is measured and checked in the laboratory when new vehicles are type-approved and, in the case of trucks and buses, also in real-world operation. Euro 6d has been the strictest standard for passenger cars since January 2021, and Euro VI for trucks (over 3.5 tons). While the emissions standard sets limits for carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate mass and number, it says nothing about a vehicle’s CO2 emissions. These are defined for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles in a separate EU regulation.

Easy langage

Leichte Sprache (easy language) is a simpler and less complex form of everyday German. It is aimed at people who find it difficult to read or understand a text in everyday language. In texts in easy language, for example, there are no foreign words or abbreviations. The set of rules is published by the Netzwerk Leichte Sprache. It is comparable to Easy Read in English.

Plasticizers

Plasticizers are added to plastics, coatings, adhesives and textiles to make brittle materials soft and supple. Many of the substances used as plasticizers are considered to be harmful to the environment and human health. In addition to plasticizers, packaging can also contain other harmful substances that may be used up to certain permitted limits but still reduce the recyclability of the material.

PVC

PVC (polyvinyl chloride) is a plastic polymer and is produced as rigid PVC (drain pipes, window profiles, etc.) as well as soft PVC. Soft PVC is used for floor coverings, films, children’s toys, hoses, cable sheathing, seals, etc. and consists of up to 40% plasticizers, some of which are harmful, especially as they are released to humans and the environment during production and use of the products. Due to the many additives, PVC is hardly recyclable and is usually incinerated (thermal recycling), which produces toxic dioxins.

Canceln

Canceling (cancel culture) refers to the exclusion of individuals or organizations that are accused of offensive, discriminatory or racist statements or actions, among other things. The term is also used by people who are accused of this behavior. The term and the actions behind it are the subject of much public debate, see here and here.

Sir David Attenborough

Sir David Attenborough is a British naturalist, writer and wildlife filmmaker best known for his award-winning nature documentaries.

Social ticketing

Offering different price categories for an event, adapted to the respective financial circumstances.

FLINTA*

FLINTA* stands for Female, Lesbian, Intersex, Trans and Agender. It stands for anyone who is not a cis man. Cis or cisgender is the opposite of transgender. The asterisk includes all non-binary gender identities as a placeholder.

Which way to Panama?

The concept with the code question “Which way to Panama” was introduced in 2017 by the concert organizer FKP Scorpio. The aim is to be able to offer visitors simple and uncomplicated help in any emergency situation by naming this code sentence.

Initiative Barrierefrei Feiern
(IBF)

Nationwide collective (in German) of people with disabilities and their allies advocating for accessible cultural opportunities

Awareness

Awareness means being aware of problems and conflicts. Awareness concepts create safe spaces in which all people can feel comfortable because no assault or discriminatory behavior is tolerated. The definition of what is assaultive or discriminatory for a person or a group is not questioned.

Inclusion

Social inclusion means the accentuation, inclusion and equal participation of all people in a society.

Waste separation

Proper waste separation is not that simple. Even in Germany, where there is a comparatively extensive separation system. For example, a pizza box is made of cardboard, and therefore paper. But soiled by grease and pizza remnants, it still doesn’t belong in the waste paper bin, but in the residual waste bin.

At the Tempelhof laboratory, we have set up two residual waste garbage cans at each of the nutrient islands, a bio garbage can for leftovers/food waste and another bio garbage can for the biodegradable tabelware. In addition, a garbage bag was hung up for the collection of PET bottles, which the public was allowed to bring onto the grounds.
The background of this composition, which is quite different from the system known from everyday life in Germany: The disposable tableware was to be composted in a separate field trial, because industrial composting facilities are set in specific temperatures and composting cycles to ensure that food and food residues can be composted without residue. However, these cycles do usually not composte biodegradable tableware items. This does not mean that this tableware is not compostable – the ZirkulierBar research project has already demonstrated this by adding shredded biodegradable disposable tableware to the humus composting process. But composting takes place at a different temperature and for a different composting time than, for example, vegetable peelings, for which the cycles of industrial composting plants are designed.

Planetary Boundaries

Planetary boundaries define the safe operating framework for humanity. If these ecological limits are overstepped, our natural ecosystems collapse and the existence of humankind is endangered. The Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research has defined nine such boundaries, six of which have been considered exceeded since 2022.

resource-positive

This means that the cultivation of a plant has an overall positive impact. A plant from regenerative agriculture has been grown in such a way that the cultivation increases the nutrient content in the soil, the biodiversity in the cultivation area or the quality of the water in the region. The cultivation of the plant therefore has a positive impact on all the resources that are needed in the cultivation process.

Real costs

Real costs can be shown when the so-called external effects arising from the production or consumption of a product are included in the price. These are usually negative externalities, for example environmental damages or health damages caused by the production or consumption of a certain product. Usually, these costs are not covered by the pollutur, but by society. As a result, there are differences between private returns of economic activities and the returns or costs to society as a whole. In this specific example of food at events, the real costs of a dish can be calculated by measuring the resource consumption and CO₂ footprint incurred in the production of a certain dish, quantifying it and adding it to the price. Calculating real prices would make many products that are harmful to health and the environment significantly more expensive than before, and generally more expensive than sustainable or C2C products.

Cradle Village

The Cradle Village was an area equipped with pavilions between the entrance and the stage. It was part of the educational concept around circularity and C2C onsite. Various NGOs were represented there as well as some C2C cases exhibited as educational projects.

Regenerative agriculture

Regenerative agriculture is an agricultural approach that focuses on soil and plant health. The goal is to build healthy, fertile soil through agricultural cultivation, thereby increasing yields while creating positive impacts on carbon and water cycles as well as biodiversity. The approach contrasts with conventional agriculture, in which the use of pesticides, heavy agricultural machinery and monocultures, among other things, reduces biodiversity and causes lasting damage to soils. Regenerative agriculture can complement organic agriculture, which avoids the use of hazardous substances but is often associated with lower yields than conventional agriculture.

Biofuels

Biofuels are fuels obtained from biomass. The environmental friendliness of these also depends on whether their raw materials are in competition with the food production industry (for example, corn) or whether the fuels are obtained from residual materials.

Smart grids

In smart grids, power load management improves the utilization of the existing infrastructure and thus makes more efficient use of energy.

Peak Shaving

Peak shaving can be used to stabilize the power generated by energy networks. Periods in which a particularly large amount of power is available (power peaks) are capped.

Green hydrogen

Green hydrogen fuel uses renewable energy instead of conventional energy for the electrolysis to produce hydrogen. Its production makes sense in regions where sufficient renewable energy sources in the form of sun or wind are available to power water electrolysis.

Battery Regulation

Among other things, this regulation is intended to make a battery pass mandatory in order to provide incentives for recyclable battery design and the recycling of battery components.

Authentic green electricity

Authentic green electricity means that the supplier invests part of the revenue from the sale of green electricity in the development of new plants for the generation of electricity from renewable sources. In this way, the provider helps to ensure that the electricity mix improves in the long term and the share of renewable energy grows steadily. Im Germany, such providers can be identified by labels such as “ok-power” or “Grüner Strom“.

Cradle to Cradle

Cradle to Cradle (C2C) is an approach to a circular economy that goes a little further. Instead of producing less waste, using fewer resources, causing less environmental damage, or merely aiming for climate neutrality, products and processes are to be designed in such a way that added value is created as a result. In other words, a positive impact on the climate through a new way of handling resources. Because if we only cause less damage through our actions, we only delay the problems we cause, but do not solve them.

We can only solve climate and resource problems permanently by setting positive goals. By consistently integrating our actions into biological cycles and creating technical cycles, we achieve real added value: ecologically, economically and socially. C2C products consist of materials that are healthy for people and the environment and can circulate in biological and technical cycles. If a material in a product is automatically consumed (for example, the abrasion from a tire while driving or fibers from a T-shirt that are washed out in the washing machine), then this material must also be suitable for ending up in the environment. It must therefore be completely biodegradable.

All other products must be designed in such a way that all their components and materials can be separated and reused again and again. Either directly, after remanufacturing or repairing, or through a recycling, which preserves the quality of the material. In the production of such C2C products, we use only renewable energy, preserve or improve the quality of water and soil, and have fair and humane working conditions.
Business models such as product service models, beneficial use or leasing help to keep materials and products in the cycle.

>> more information

Circular economy

Derived from the EU Commission’s Circular Economy Action Plan, the term “circular economy” encompasses “all stages of value creation – from product design and production to consumption, repair, waste management and secondary raw materials fed back into the economy.”
The transformation of our current linear economy, (resources are taken from the earth, used and then mostly become worthless waste) to a circular economy is an overarching policy goal in the EU and in all member states – including Germany. The German government is currently (as of June 2023) developing the so-called National Circular Economy Strategy, which aims to reduce the need for newly extracted raw materials. A circular economy and resource conservation are thus intended to contribute to climate neutrality and decarbonization.

In the case of the Tempelhof Lab, we attempted to design as many aspects of the concerts as possible in such a way that resources are kept in circulation or incentives are provided for this. Ideally, this meant using a C2C product or C2C process with a positive impact on people and the environment. Where this was not possible, an alternative was sought that was sustainable in the classic sense, i.e. at least caused less harm than a conventional solution.

CO2 compensation

Organizations that offer compensation for CO2 emissions can be certified according to the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) standard. Gold Standard is a standard developed by an alliance of non-governmental organizations such as WWF, which is considered the most demanding standard for voluntary emissions trading.

These contacts are merely a selection, without any claim to completeness. The selection is based on the companies with which the Tempelhof Lab project worked or had contact.

Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO)

Hydrotreated or hydrogenated vegetable oils (HVO) are oils that have been chemically converted into hydrocarbons and can thus be used as fuel. They are used as an addition to or substitute for diesel fuel and emit up to 90% less CO2 compared to diesel. Oil plants, residues from the agricultural industry, but also used cooking oils can be used as raw materials for HVO. If residual or waste materials are used, production does not compete with food production and causes lower CO2 emissions in production. If HVO is produced from palm oil, the greenhouse gas balance deteriorates considerably because rainforests are cleared for the cultivation of oil palms. Therefore, a supplier should be chosen that guarantees the exclusion of primary palm oil as a raw material.

atmosfair

Offsetting CO2 emissions is not a sufficient strategy for achieving the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement, and certainly not for taking climate-positive action. The provider atmosfair points out exactly this on its website and thus encourages active action. The climate protection projects supported by atmosfair are for the most part twice certified: Under the standard of the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) and under Gold Standard (standard developed by an alliance of NGOs such as the WWF, which is considered the most demanding standard for voluntary emissions trading). atmosfair is transparent in its use of funds and, according to its own statements, only supports projects that take into account other important aspects of environmental protection in addition to the CO2 aspect.

Tempelhof Lab

The Tempelhof Lab concerts took place under very specific conditions: Tempelhof Airport as an open air location in the middle of Berlin, 60,000 visitors per concert and full support of the bands involved. Solutions that were feasible and sensible in this scenario may not be sensible or possible under other framework conditions. Conversely, some great C2C ideas were not scalable for this size of an event, but work perfectly fine under other framework conditions. Therefore, the goals described in this Guidebook and the measures derived from them are not a universally applicable checklist, but rather highlight opportunities and the right questions to ask for the most climate- and resource-positive event possible.